动词(四)时态(一般)
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><strong style="color: blue;">一、一般现在时</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">所谓现在,我们可以理解为目前、当前、现在、这个时期等等。所谓一般,我们可以理解为这个动作或状态一般情况下都是这么做的,我们也可以按照这个思路:一个动作不存在完成,也不强调进行,那就是一般状态。</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: green;">1、构成</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">主语+谓语动词(s)+宾语+状语 (表示动作的句子)</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">主语+系动词(s)+表语+状语(表示状态的句子)</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词+s。这一点是同学们最容易忽略、出错的语法点。平时一定要多练习,培养语感和用词习惯。<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: green;">动词+s的规则参见前面的章节</span></strong>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">He do<span style="color: green;"><span style="color: green;">es</span></span> his homework in the living room after school every day. 他每天放学后在客厅做作业。(动作)</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">My bike is in front of the house. 我的自行车在房子前面。(状态)</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: green;">2、用法</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: green;"><span style="color: green;">1)表示习惯性、经常性的动作</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">He always has breakfast at 7:00 every morning. 他每天早晨7点吃早餐。</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">The children sometimes go to school on foot. 孩子们有时走着上学。</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">这个用法运用最为频繁,有一些关键的信息词可作参考:</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">频度副词:often 经常,usually 通常,always 总是,sometimes 有时,seldom 很少,never 从不;等等</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">时间状语:every day 每天,once a day 一天一次,on weekends 每逢周末,等等</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: green;"><span style="color: green;">2)表示现在的情况或存在的状态</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">I live in Shijiazhuang and she lives in Jiuquan. 我生活在石家庄,她生活在酒泉。</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">The old man is 90 years old. 那个老人90岁了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">The Chinese speak Chinese. 中国人说汉语。</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">He likes bread and milk for breakfast. 他喜欢早饭吃面包喝牛奶。</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: green;"><span style="color: green;">3)表示客观事实、科学真理和自然现象</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">The earth turns around the sun. 地球围着太阳转。</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">One and two is three. 一加二等于三。</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">Spring comes after winter. 冬天之后是春天。</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: green;"><span style="color: green;">4)表示正在发生的动作或存在的状态</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">Here comes the bus. 公交车来了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">There goes the door bell. 门铃响了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">How hard it rains today! 今天雨下得真大啊!</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: green;"><span style="color: green;">5)表示按时间表、计划或规定将要发生的动作</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">The trains arrives at 10:35 and leaves in ten minutes. 火车10:35到达,10分钟后离开。</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">The final exam takes place tomorrow. 期末考试明天举行。</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">这个用法常用的动词有:一<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: green;">来</span></strong>一<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: green;">去</span></strong>,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: green;">开始</span><span style="color: green;">发生</span></strong>,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: green;">跑</span></strong>着<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: green;">离开</span></strong>,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: green;">到</span></strong>了再<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: green;">回来</span></strong>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">(come, go, start, happen, run, leave, arrive, return. )</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">同学们万不可认为只有这些词,只是常用的出现频率比较高。比如,飞机起飞take off,也可以。领会这个意图就可以。</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: green;"><span style="color: green;">6)在时间状语和条件状语从句中代替一般将来时</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">这个用法中考频率非常高。</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">If it <span style="color: green;"><span style="color: green;">doesnt rain</span></span> tomorrow, we will go for a picnic along the river. 如果明天不下雨,我们就去河边野餐吧。</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">When you<span style="color: green;"><span style="color: green;"> come to</span></span> Dongfeng Space Town next week, I will show you around the launch pad. 如果你下周来东风航天城,我将带你转转发射平台。</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: green;">注意:</span></strong>从句中不能有将来时的构成,用一般现在时代替。主句中该用什么时态就用什么时态,不受影响。主句一般用将来时态的构成。</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">7)用于比赛、演示说明、剧情介绍、新闻标题、图片说明等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">新闻标题:Panic-buying <span style="color: green;"><span style="color: green;">hits </span></span>Beijing as residents brace for wider lockdowns</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><strong style="color: blue;">二、一般过去时</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">一般过去时,我们务必把握一点,一般过去时的动作或状态<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: green;">与现在没有任何关系</span></strong>了。也就是说,一般过去时的动作或状态<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: green;">现在不再发生或存在</span></strong>了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">动词的过去式有规则变化和不规则变化两种。</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: green;">1、构成</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">主语+谓语动词<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: green;"><span style="color: green;">过去式</span></span></strong>+宾语+状语</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">主语+系动词<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: green;">过去式</span></strong>+表语+状语</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">I worked and lived in Dongfeng. 我在东风工作和生活过。(现在不在东风工作和生活了)</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">I was a doctor. 我过去是一名医生。(现在不是医生了)</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: green;">2、用法</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><span style="color: green;"><span style="color: green;">1)表示过去某一具体时间发生的动作或存在的状态</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">Your mum came to see you just now. 你妈妈刚才来看你了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">She was ill last week. 她上周生病了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">I bought a book yesterday. 我昨天买了一本书。</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: green;"><span style="color: green;">过去的具体时间常用的信息短语:</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">last night 昨晚,yesterday 昨天,a few years ago 几年前,at that time 那时,just now 刚才,in 1989 在1989年,in the old days 在过去的岁月里;等等 。同学们参考这些表达方式,类似的短语都是过去的具体时间。</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><span style="color: green;"><span style="color: green;">2)表示过去经常发生、习惯发生或反复发生的动作或存在的状态</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">I usually got up at 7:00 every day. 我过去通常每天7点起床。(现在不是7点起床了)</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">My classmates always invited us to their parties. 我的同学们总是邀请我们参加聚会。(现在不邀请了)</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">注意,这个用法尽管没有过去的具体时间,也可能没有过去的时间段。但只要用了过去式,就说明这个动作是过去的经常、过去的习惯或过去的反复。而现在这个动作、状态不再发生了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">这个用法经常用到的信息词:</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">频度副词:often 经常,usually 通常,always 总是,sometimes 有时,seldom 很少,never 从不;等等</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">时间状语:every day 每天,once a day 一天一次,on weekends 每逢周末,等等</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">与一般现在时的信息词或短语相同,唯一不同的是谓语动词用过去式。</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><span style="color: green;"><span style="color: green;">3)发生的时间没有明确,不是很清楚,但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">这个用法同学们最容易犯错。</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">I didnt know you were a teacher. 我不知道你曾经当过老师。(现在已经知道了)</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">What was the final score ? 最后的比分怎么样?(说话时比赛已经结束了)</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">Who called you ? 谁给你打电话了?(现在知道有人给你打过电话)</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">4)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,代替过去将来时。主句用过去将来时。</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">She told me she would call me as soon as she arrived the next day. 她告诉我说,她第二天一到就会给我打电话。</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">The girl said she would go to see the film with me if I invited her. 那个女孩说,如果我邀请她,她就会和我去看这部电影。</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><strong style="color: blue;">三、一般将来时</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">我们中学阶段所说的“一般将来时”,是站在现在的时间点说的。我们可以理解为“现在将来时”,这样就更容易理解“过去将来时”了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: green;">1、构成</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">主语+will<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: green;"><span style="color: green;"> \ </span></span></strong>be going to + 动词原形 + 其它成分 </p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">主要学习掌握这两种构成,“will+动词原形” 侧重主观意愿,现代英语中这个构成使用比较频繁。反而“shall+动词原形”却很少用了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">”be going to + 动词原形“ 侧重客观条件、自然迹象或计划安排。</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">I will go to Beijing tomorrow. 我明天要去北京。(自己想去)</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">I am going to go to Beijing tomorrow. 我明天要去北京。(go to 通常省略) (我早就计划好了去)</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">另外,be to + 动词原形;be about to + 动词原形 表示将来动作或情况,同学们做一个了解,知道有这样构成就可以了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: green;">2、用法</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><span style="color: green;"><span style="color: green;">1)表示将来要发生的动作或情况</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">We will have nucleic test this afternoon. 我们今天下午要核酸检测。</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">He will lose his job unless he works hard. 他将失去工作除非他努力工作。</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><span style="color: green;"><span style="color: green;">2)表示事情的必然性</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">It will be Sunday tomorrow. 明天是星期天了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">I will be 55 next year. 明年我就55岁了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><span style="color: green;"><span style="color: green;">3) 表示预料将要发生的动作或情况</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">You will feel better after you take this medicine. 吃了这药后,你会感觉好一些。</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">I think it will rain tonight. 我想今晚会下雨。</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><span style="color: green;"><span style="color: green;">4)表示现在有迹象表明即将发生某事</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">Look! Its going to rain. 看!要下雨了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">Were going to be late for school, for the traffic is too heavy. 交通太拥挤了,我们要上学迟到了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><span style="color: green;"><span style="color: green;">5)表示打算、计划要做某事</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">Are you going to take a walk after breakfast ? 你打算早饭后去散步吗?</p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">What is he going to do today ? 他今天准备干什么?</p>
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